Whose responsibility is is to provide you with training required by OSHA standards?
ANSWER: Your employer
Which of the following are rights that workers have under OSHA? (select all that apply)
A. A safe and healthful workplace
B. Knowledge of hazardous workplace conditions
C. Information on any injuries or illnesses in your workplace
D. Training as provided in the OSHA standards
ANSWER:
A. A safe and healthful workplace
B. Knowledge of hazardous workplace conditions
C. Information on any injuries or illnesses in your workplace
D. Training as provided in the OSHA standards
Which type of vaccination are employers required to provide for their employees who may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens?
A. Hepatitis C Vaccine
B. Tuberculosis Vaccine
C. Flu Vaccine
D. Hepatitis B Vaccine
ANSWER: D. Hepatitis B Vaccine
If you are exposed to infected bodily fluid, what should you do after properly washing the area?
ANSWER: Report the incident to get a follow-up evaluation
A massive amount of ammonia gas has been released near your office. You have a room without windows and relatively tightly sealed doors. Should you shelter in place?
ANSWER: Yes
True or False: An EAP only contains information on what happens during an emergency.
ANSWER: False
What is the most commonly cited single cause of occupational injuries in the healthcare sector today?
ANSWER: Pushing and pulling during patient re-positioning
Which of the following situations describes the ideal way to lift a patient?
A. Using mechanical equipment with a team
B. Using mechanical equipment alone
C. Lifting a patient manually alone
D. Lifting a patient manually with a team
ANSWER: A. Using mechanical equipment with a team
Which of these does OSHA require employers to construct and install to minimize electrocution hazards? (select all that apply)
A. Controls on equipment and machinery in the workplace
B. Switches used with generators
C. Lighting found throughout the building
D. Appliances such as freezers or refrigerators
ANSWER: A. Controls on equipment and machinery in the workplace
B. Switches used with generators
C. Lighting found throughout the building
D. Appliances such as freezers or refrigerators
A worker standing on a freshly mopped floor is adjusting products on a metal shelf. There is an exposed wire in contact with the shelving. What is this an example of?
ANSWER: Contacting Energized Sources
When should healthcare professionals use standard precautions in a healthcare setting?
ANSWER: With all patients at all times
When do HAIs generally occur?
ANSWER: More than 48 to 72 hours after admission and Within 10 days after discharge
Your patient care task requires gloves, a gown, goggles, and a mask. From this list which item of PPE should be doffed last?MaskWho is responsible for buying PPE?
ANSWER: Employer
What is the main reason why you should follow specific procedures when removing PPE?
ANSWER: Because not following these procedures exposes you and your patients to infectious materials
View the image and decide whether it has good or bad maintenance. (Scrubs are not in the trash can, they are on the floor)Poor/Bad Maintenance
What is your employer required to have on fixed ladders that extend more than 24 feet in the workplace?
ANSWER: Additional qualified climber training and Ladder safety or personal fall arrest systems
We know that lifting heavy loads can cause injury. What other actions can cause injury?
ANSWER: Lifting moderate or lighter loads repetitively and Lifting in an awkward position
Chuck stands with his feet close to the load, shoulder-width apart, one foot slightly in front of the other for balance. He squats down, bending at the knees and keeping his back as vertical as possible. Once hes close enough, Chuck makes sure he has a firm grasp of the object before beginning the lift, S=slowly straightening his legs and lifting slowly. He stands up straight and keeps his load close to his body. Is Chuck using a safe lifting technique?
ANSWER: Yes
Your employer lets you know that the SDSs are located on a computer in his office. Does this comply with employer responsibilities?
ANSWER: No, it is not easy to access them while Im working
Which of the following answer options are your employers responsibility? (select all that apply)
A. Develop a written hazard communication program
B. Implement a hazard communication program
C. Maintain a written hazard communication program
ANSWER:
A. Develop a written hazard communication program
B. Implement a hazard communication program
C. Maintain a written hazard communication program
Who is affected by acts of workplace violence against healthcare workers?
ANSWER: Healthcare workers, Patients, Healthcare Organizations
Not: Visitors
During her shift Natasha, a nurses aide, was walking one of her Alzheimers patients to the dining hall. The patient was sundowning and acting very agitated. She pushed Natasha, knocking her off balance. Natasha hit her should as she fell and irritated an old injury. As a result, she wont be able to work for 2 days. Should this incident be reported to OSHA by Natashas employer?
ANSWER: Yes
Exposure Control Plan: written plan to eliminate or minimize occupational exposures. The employer must write a plan that lists the jobs where workers may be exposed, along with a list of the tasks and procedures performed by those workers that result in their exposure.
Annual Plan Update: Employers must use input from frontline workers to update the exposure control plan annually. These updates must reflect changes in tasks, procedures, and positions that affect occupational exposure, and also technological changes that eliminate or reduce occupational exposure.
Universal Precautions: Employers are required to implement the use of universal precautions (treating all human blood and other potentially infectious material as if known to be infectious for bloodborne pathogens).
Engineering Controls: devices that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace and the standard requires that employers identify and use such engineering controls. They include sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, and safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps-injury protection and needleless systems.
Work Practice Controls: Employers are required to identify and ensure the use of work practice controls. These are practices that reduce the possibility of exposure by changing the way a task is performed, such as appropriate practices for handling and disposing of contaminated sharps, handling specimens, handling laundry, and cleaning contaminated surfaces and items.
PPE: Employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, eye protection, and masks. Employers must clean, repair, and replace this equipment as needed. Provision, maintenance, repair and replacement are at no cost to the worker.
Hepatitis B Vaccinations: Your employer must provide Hepatitis B vaccinations to all workers with occupational exposure. This vaccination must be offered after the worker has received the required bloodborne pathogens training and within 10 days of initial assignment to a job with occupational exposure.
Post-exposure Evaluation and Follow-up: Employers must make available post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to any occupationally exposed worker who experiences an exposure incident.
Labels and Signs to Communicate Hazards: Warning labels must be affixed to containers of regulated waste; containers of contaminated reusable sharps; refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious material; other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially infectious material; contaminated equipment that is being shipped or serviced; and bags or containers of contaminated laundry, except as provided in the standard. Facilities may use red bags or red containers instead of labels. In HIV and Hepatitis B research laboratories and production facilities, signs must be posted at all access doors when other potentially infectious material or infected animals are present in the work area or containment module.
Training: Employers must ensure that their workers receive regular training that covers all elements of the standard including, but not limited to: information on bloodborne pathogens and diseases, methods used to control occupational exposure, Hepatitis B vaccine, and medical evaluation and post-exposure follow-up procedures. Employers must offer this training at the time of hiring, at least annually thereafter, and when new or modified tasks or procedures affect a worker's occupational exposure.
Medical and Training Records: Employers also have an obligation to maintain worker medical and training records. The employer also must maintain a sharps injury log.
The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act revised the bloodborne pathogens standard requiring employers to evaluate, select, and use what to eliminate or minimize exposure to contaminated sharps?
ANSWER: Engineering Controls
4 ways bloodborne pathogens can be spread:
1. Injection
2. Skin Abrasions
3. Mucous Membranes
4. Sexual Contact
Ways bloodborne pathogens are NOT transmitted by:
- Touching an infected person
- Coughing or sneezing
- Using the same equipment, materials, toilets, water fountains, or showers as an infected person
Accidental puncture by a sharp object contaminated with a pathogen.
Injection Found in the eyes, nose, or mouth. Mucous Membranes
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Once a person becomes immuno compromised, he or she can exhibit symptoms of weight loss, persistent low-grade fever, night sweats, and flu-like symptoms. The person is also more vulnerable to pneumonias, intestinal disorders, and fungal infections.
Hepatitis B Virus: Symptoms of Hepatitis B include jaundice, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. Approximately 5 to 10 percent of patients develop chronic infection with Hepatitis B, which carries an estimated 20 percent lifetime risk of dying from cirrhosis and 6 percent risk of dying from liver cancer. The chance of becoming infected with Hepatitis B from a sharps injury is estimated to be between 6 and 30 percent.
Hepatitis C Virus: Hepatitis C infection can occur without symptoms or only mild ones. Chronic hepatitis develops in 75 to 80 percent of infected patients, and 70 percent of these individuals get active liver disease. Of those with active liver disease, 10 to 20 percent develop cirrhosis and 1 to 5 percent develop liver cancer.This bloodborne disease disables the bodys immune system until it is no longer capable of fighting infection. It does this by attacking and destroying the infection-fighting CD4 cells of the immune system. The loss of CD4 cells makes it difficult for the body to fight infections and certain cancers. Once a person becomes immuno compromised, he or she can exhibit symptoms of weight loss, persistent low-grade fever, night sweats, and flu-like symptoms. The person is also more vulnerable to pneumonias, intestinal disorders, and fungal infections.
HIVPPE: Use appropriate PPE when you may be exposed to blood.
Sharps: Handle needles with care. Only properly trained individuals should draw blood or administer injections to prevent excess blood loss and resulting exposure.
Disposal: Dispose of all protective equipment in a biohazard bag.
Sanitization: Wash and sanitize hands frequently and keep hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth until they are washed and sanitized.
Avoidance: Avoid eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics or contact lenses in an area with a likely source of a bloodborne pathogen.
Types of sharps devices that can be used to protect you:
• Needle-free IV systems
• Sheathed, blunting, or retractable needles
• Blood transfer adapters
• Non-breakable plastic vacuum and capillary tubes
• Sharps disposal containers
Safe Device Characteristics
• Come attached with safety features that cannot be removed.
• Are easy to use and have clear instructions.
• Do not interfere with patient care.
• Can be engaged with one hand.
• Enable hands to remain behind the exposed sharp.
• Are visibly different when activated.
After the actual use of sharps devices, what is the next leading cause of sharps injuries?
ANSWER: Activities after use prior to disposal
Containers for contaminated sharps must have certain features. What are these?
ANSWER: - puncture-resistant
- leak-proof
- biohazard labeled or color-coded red
- closable
- kept upright
Olivia has finished adding medication to her patients IV. She keeps the syringe for use with the next patient since the valves can prevent backflow and contamination of injection devices. Is this safe or unsafe?
ANSWER: unsafe
Chaundrise disposes of the syringe and needle after administering medication to her patient. Is this safe or unsafe?
ANSWER: safe
Luis notices that there is a lot of medication left over in the vial he has just used. Two more of his patients use the same medication so he plans to use it for them. Is this safe or unsafe?
ANSWER: unsafe
Now that the initial exposure has occurred and you have taken the immediate steps of cleaning the area and reporting the incident to your supervisor, what do you think needs to happen next?
ANSWER: medical evaluation
Emmanuel has had a sharps exposure at work and has reported the incident. His employer has offered him an immediate confidential medical evaluation and follow-up care. What can he expect from the exam?
ANSWER: - offered at no cost at a reasonable time/place
- Performed by/under supervision of a licensed physician/other healthcare professional
- laboratory tests must be conducted by an accredited laboratory at no cost to him
Which of the following devices is considered contaminated?
ANSWER: - Used IV tubing with NO visible blood.
- A used needle.
- A syringe detached from the used needle.
- Used IV tubing with visible blood.
If you are exposed to infected bodily fluid, what should you do after properly washing the area?
ANSWER: Report the incident to get a follow-up evaluation.
Which type of vaccination are employers required to provide for their employees who may be exposed to bloodborne pathogens?
ANSWER: Hepatitis B Vaccine
How many patients can you use a single-use injection device with before it goes into the disposal container?
ANSWER: 1
If you are exposed to potentially infectious material via a sharps injury, what should you do immediately?
ANSWER: Wash the area with soap and water.
Your employer is legally required to take which of the following actions to protect you against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens?
ANSWER: - Provide PPE.
- Use controls to prevent injury.
- Label hazards correctly.
- Provide free medical evaluations if an injury occurs.
True or false: An EAP only contains information on what happens during an emergency
ANSWER: False
Though Simon followed all safety protocols, he was injured at work because a machine was not properly guarded. Even though there is no reasonable belief that drug use contributed to the employee's injury, his employer required him to take a drug test after he reported the injury. Did the employer misuse a drug testing program against Simon for reporting an injury?
ANSWER: Yes
Tina reported a safety hazard at her workplace to OSHA. Representatives from OSHA came to her work and inspected the issue, then gave her employer a citation. The day after Tina's employer received the citation, Tina was given new jobs which were menial and difficult. Which of Tina's rights under OSHA was violated in this situation?
ANSWER: Freedom from retaliation for exercising safety and health rights
If you are exposed to infected bodily fluid, what should you do after properly washing the area?
ANSWER: Report the incident
What are the most common bloodborne pathogens?
ANSWER: HIV, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C
Why must fire extinguishers be routinely maintained?
ANSWER: To make sure they remain effective
What are the primary factors that influence safe patient lifting policies and practices?
ANSWER: Environmental factors,
Personnel factors,
Patient related factors,
Equipment factors
What are the primary factors that influence safe patient lifting policies and practices?
ANSWER: Decreases length of stay
Reduces injury
Saves money
Some overhead power lines have a protective covering that protects them from exposure to the elements. However, the covering does not protect workers from electrocution. If you touch a power line, covered or bare, death is probable.
ANSWER: True
Which of these are ways to protect yourself from electrical hazards?
ANSWER: Use tools and power cords safely
Understand how GFCI can protect you
Follow lockout/tagout procedures
Which of the following statements is true about Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)?
ANSWER: HAIs develop during hospitalization
When do HAIs generally occur?
ANSWER: More then 48 to 72 hour after admission and Within 10 days after discharge
What is the main reason why you should follow specific procedures when removing PPE?
ANSWER: Because not following these procedures exposes you and your patients to infectious materials
Your patient care task requires gloves, a gown, goggles, and a mask. From this list, which item of PPE should always be put on first?
ANSWER: Gown
Whose responsibility is it to keep ladders in good condition?
ANSWER: Employers
Which of the following tactics can reduce the likelihood of injury?
ANSWER: Use ergonomic props
Use static, awkward postures
Taking Breaks
Rotating Tasks
Use low vibration tools
Use tools to reduce the need to preform repetitive actions
Chuck stands with his feet close to the load, shoulder-width apart, one foot slightly in front of the other for balance. He squats down, bending at the knees and keeping his back as vertical as possible. Once hes close enough, Chuck makes sure he has a firm grasp of the object before beginning the lift, slowly straightening his legs and lifting slowly. He stands up straight and keeps his load close to his body. Is Chuck using a safe lifting technique?
ANSWER: Yes
What are chemical manufacturers required to provide to anyone who purchases or uses their chemicals for a work purpose?Labels
Safety data sheetsWhat are the SDS format requirements?
ANSWER: They must be in a uniform format as required by law
A patient strikes a nurse as he attempts to give the patient her medication. What type of violence does this scenario depict?
ANSWER: Client on worker
During her shift Natasha, a nurses aide, was walking one of her Alzheimers patients to the dining hall. The patient was sundowning and acting very agitated. She pushed Natasha, knocking her off balance. Natasha hit her shoulder as she fell and irritated an old injury. As a result, she wont be able to work for 2 days. Should this incident be reported to OSHA by Natashas employer?
ANSWER: yes
How does OSHA enforce its standards?
ANSWER: Inspections
Whose responsibility is it to provide a safe and healthy workplace?
ANSWER: Employers
Which of the following are main responsibilites employers have under OSHA's standards?
ANSWER: Monitor hazards
Keep records of workplace injuries and illnesses
Provide specific equipment, such as PPE
An OSHA inspection follows a standard process, consisting of three phases. What are these phases?
ANSWER: Opening conference
Citation period
Walkthrough
An OSHA inspection was conducted at Raul's workplace. He is curious about the results and wonders what actions his employers might have to take to fix any issues found during the inspection. Does Raul have a right to this information?
ANSWER: Yes
How many points of contact does this worker have with the ladder?
ANSWER: Three
When is a handrail required for stairs?
ANSWER: After 4 steps
A stairway has 6 steps. Is a handrail required?
ANSWER: A handrail is required.
What are the main causes of deaths and injuries on scaffolds?
ANSWER: Falls
Being struck by objects
Electrocution
Scaffold collapse
Bad planking
When footwear has greater traction, what does this mean?
It is less likely that the shoe will slip while someone is walking.
Which of the following are employer responsibilities with regard to ladders?
Ladders should not be moved while a worker is on them.
Rungs and steps are slip resistant.
Ladders used on slippery surfaces are secured and stabilized.
Which of these does OSHA require employers to construct and install to minimize electrocution hazards?
Controls on equipment and machinery in the workplace
Switches used with generators
Lighting found throughout the building
Appliances such as freezers or refrigeratorsIs placing a plug into a wall receptacle with your hand on the plug safe or unsafe?
Safe
After a strong storm, a worker does not realize that a power transmission line has fallen on his car and is electrocuted while opening the car door. What is this an example of?
Contacting Overhead Power Lines
OSHA standards for electrical equipment and systems cover what elements of an electrical installation? Only the exposed or operating elementsIn almost all cases, touching power lines or coming into contact with energized sources will result in what? Severe injuries or deathIs using a three-prong plug with a missing ground post safe or unsafe?
Unsafe
About 3 oclock this morning, firefighters responded to a building fire. While the fire was limited to one room and there were no injuries, there was about $5,000 worth of structural damage. It was determined that electrical wiring from the mini-refrigerator to the wall receptacle was the cause of the fire.
Flexible
This occurs when there is a break in the low-resistance grounding path from a tool or electrical system:
Ground Fault
This type of burn occurs when the skin touches hot surfaces of overheated electric conductors, conduits, or other energized equipment. It can also occur when clothing catches on fire.
Thermal Contact Burn
This is the reflex response that occurs when electrical current passes through the human body.
Electrical shock
Which of the following statements about hearing protection are true?
Earplugs and earmuffs are the most common types of hearing protection devices.
Long exposure to high levels of noise can damage your hearing.
OSHA requires your employer to provide you with hearing protection when you are exposed to loud noises for an extended period of time.
Leather palm gloves can protect your hands from what hazards?
Sharp edges and rough surfaces
What can you use to protect your eyes from impact hazards?
Safety glasses
Goggles
What should you consider when choosing the type of head protection you use?
The hazards you expect to encounter
What type of footwear protects you from chemicals and provides extra traction on slippery floors?
Rubber boots
Sunglasses are just as protective as safety glasses. Is this statement true or false?
False
Which class of hard hats will protect you from electrical shock?
Class E
Class G
Which of the following provides the same protection as safety glasses?
None of these
Alex will need to use a respirator for her new job. When will she be able to safely use a respirator?
After receiving proper training on respirators
After she feels like the respirator fits her properly
From the hazards listed below, determine which could require foot protection.Sharps
Slippery areas
Hazardous liquids
Low-hanging beams
In which cases should you wear gloves?
When cleaning broken glass
When cleaning blood on a surface
What should you consider when choosing the type of foot protection you use?
The hazards you expect to encounter
Youre going to be performing a task at work that requires a clean air supply. What type of respirator should you use?
Supplied-Air Respirator
Who is responsible for conducting a hazard assessment?
Employer
You could be exposed to 20,000 volts of electricity in your job. What class of hard hat will you need to wear?
Class E
Which of the following statements are true regarding SDSs and labels?
An SDS contains detailed information
An SDS is attached to the chemical container
What are chemical manufacturers required to provide to anyone who purchases or uses their chemicals for a work purpose?
Labels
Training Your employer gives you a list of all chemicals in the entire building and the location of the SDS collection, and he asks you to sign off that you completed the safety training program. What else is required of an employer training program?
Training for Chemical Handling in your area
PPE needed for work area
Physical and health hazard information for the chemicals in your work area.
Why must you be cautious of chemical exposure in the workplace?
Exposure Time is Longer
Chemicals are higher in concentration
Chemicals can cause serious incidents in the workplace
Your employer lets you know that the Safety Data Sheets are located on an computer in his office. Does this comply with employer responsibilities?
No, it is not easy to access them while Im working
What are the requirements for chemical labels?
Includes critical information you need to identify the chemical
Includes warnings about the chemical
Legible
Clearly marked
Chemical labels must contain a product identifier, signal word and a pictogram to represent the hazards. What other information is required on a chemical label?
Precautionary Statements
Hazard Statements
Contact Information
You have been working at a manufacturing site but have been transitioned to a different part of the site with new responsbilities. When should your employer train you on any chemical hazards in this new responsibility?
Before starting working within the new responsibilities
What are the SDS format requirements?
They must be in a uniform format as required by law
As an employee, who is supposed to provide training on the chemicals you are handling or come in contact with at work?
Employer
Remy is smoking too closely to a building that manufactures fertilizer. When he puts out his cigarette near the hazardous waste, it sparks a fire because the fertilizer is flammable. What kind of hazard did the chemical waste cause?
Physical
Howard has a chemical burn from accidentally spilling a strong basic cleaning solution onto his arm. It causes a small burn mark that goes away after a few weeks. He has no other symptoms. What kind of exposure is this considered?AcuteWhat type of hazards do the standard pictograms represent?
Chemical
Physical
Health
Environmental
Lee needs to move a large box of packing material across his warehouse. It weighs 7 pounds, but is so tall that he would not be able to see his feet. What should he do in this situation?Ask for assistance in case he tripsWhen operating a crane, which of the following is an important safety precaution? Select all that apply.
Check for overhead power lines
Ensure your area of travel is clear
Never lift people
What are the main causes of injuries when using forklifts?
Overturns
Striking pedestrians
Being crushed by a forklift
Falling from a forklift
What are the most common types of crane accidents?
Contact with power lines
Overturns
Falls
Mechanical failure
Which of the following is true about slings?
Slings should be inspected before each use.
Ted needs to lift a heavy load. Using what youve learned, which of the following options below would put Ted at risk for injury?Lift with his backWhat are the three main areas of a machine?
Point of Operation
Power Transmission Device
Operating Controls
What is the type of safeguarding device that senses a worker in a certain area?
Presence Sensing
If safeguarding is not possible what must be used instead?
Types
Distance
What are the two types of primary safeguarding methods?
Types
Guards
What is the area on a machine where work is actually being performed and material is being processed?
Point of Operation
What motion involves a shaft that can easily grip hair and clothing?
Rotating
What is the criteria for a guard having to be used on a machine?
If operation exposes you to injuryWhat do safeguarding devices do to protect the worker?
Detects operator contact with the machines point of operation
Prevents operator contact with the machines point of operation
Stops hazardous action if a workers body part comes too close
What are the potential chemical hazards of a sprayed paint mist in a work environment?Inhalation
None
What are the types of hazards defined by industrial hygiene?
Chemical
Physical
Biological
Ergonomic
Which of the following could be sources of biological hazards?
Water
Soil
Animals
Plants
Pathogens
Human blood or bodily fluids
What can toxic substances do to your body?
Burn you
Affect your whole body
Who does OSHAs Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act apply to?
Employers of workers who may be exposed to potentially infectious materials.
Your employer is legally required to take which of the following actions to protect you against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens?
Provide PPE
Use controls to prevent injury
Label hazards correctly
Provide free medical evaluations if an injury occurs
Which of the following materials could be potentially infected with bloodborne pathogens, assuming they are not mixed with human blood?
Semen or vaginal secretions
Saliva
What should be done with a used needle?
It should be disposed of in a designated sharps container.
Which of the following statements best describes the term universal precautions with regards to bloodeborne pathogens?
Treating all human blood as if it is known to be infectious
Which of the following statements is TRUE about updating the exposure control plan?
Updates must reflect changes in tasks and procedures.
Updates must reflect changes in positions that affect occupational exposure.
Updates must include the cost of PPE necessary to reduce exposure.
What is the most common risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens for healthcare workers?Needle stick injury Select all that apply:
If medically indicated after an exposure, the U.S. Public Health Service requires that your employer offers you post-exposure medication for _______.HIV
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis C
Who may perform a post-exposure medical evaluation?
A licensed physician
What parts of the body can be affected by musculoskeletal disorders?
Muscles
Nerves
Blood vessels
Ligaments
Tendons
OSHA's Bloodborne Pathogens Standard, as amended by the 2000 Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act, is a regulation that:
prescribes safeguards to protect workers against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Exposure Control Plan:
An exposure control plan is a written plan to eliminate or minimize occupational exposures. The employer must write a plan that lists the jobs where workers may be exposed, along with a list of the tasks and procedures performed by those workers that result in their exposure.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Annual Plan Update:
Employers must use input from frontline workers to update the exposure control plan annually. These updates must reflect changes in tasks, procedures, and positions that affect occupational exposure, and also technological changes that eliminate or reduce occupational exposure.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Universal Precautions:
Employers are required to implement the use of universal precautions (treating all human blood and other potentially infectious material as if known to be infectious for bloodborne pathogens).
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Engineering Controls:
Engineering controls are devices that isolate or remove the bloodborne pathogens hazard from the workplace and the standard requires that employers identify and use such engineering controls. They include sharps disposal containers, self-sheathing needles, and safer medical devices, such as sharps with engineered sharps-injury protection and needleless systems.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Work Practice Controls:
Employers are required to identify and ensure the use of work practice controls. These are practices that reduce the possibility of exposure by changing the way a task is performed, such as appropriate practices for handling and disposing of contaminated sharps, handling specimens, handling laundry, and cleaning contaminated surfaces and items.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Personal Protective Equipment:
Employers must provide personal protective equipment (PPE), such as gloves, gowns, eye protection, and masks. Employers must clean, repair, and replace this equipment as needed. Provision, maintenance, repair and replacement are at no cost to the worker.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Hepatitis B Vaccination:
Your employer must provide Hepatitis B vaccinations to all workers with occupational exposure. This vaccination must be offered after the worker has received the required bloodborne pathogens training and within 10 days of initial assignment to a job with occupational exposure.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Post-exposure Evaluation and Follow-up:
Employers must make available post-exposure evaluation and follow-up to any occupationally exposed worker who experiences an exposure incident.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Labels and Signs to Communicate Hazards:
Warning labels must be affixed to containers of regulated waste; containers of contaminated reusable sharps; refrigerators and freezers containing blood or other potentially infectious material; other containers used to store, transport, or ship blood or other potentially infectious material; contaminated equipment that is being shipped or serviced; and bags or containers of contaminated laundry, except as provided in the standard. Facilities may use red bags or red containers instead of labels. In HIV and Hepatitis B research laboratories and production facilities, signs must be posted at all access doors when other potentially infectious material or infected animals are present in the work area or containment module.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Training:
Employers must ensure that their workers receive regular training that covers all elements of the standard including, but not limited to: information on bloodborne pathogens and diseases, methods used to control occupational exposure, Hepatitis B vaccine, and medical evaluation and post-exposure follow-up procedures. Employers must offer this training at the time of hiring, at least annually thereafter, and when new or modified tasks or procedures affect a workers occupational exposure.
Bloodborne Pathogens Standard Employer Requirements for Medical and Training Records:
Employers also have an obligation to maintain worker medical and training records. The employer also must maintain a sharps injury log.You, as a worker, have legal protections against health hazards related to bloodborne pathogens. Among other things, these protections require that employers:provide PPE, use controls to prevent injury, label hazards correctly, and provide Hepatitis B vaccinations, as well as free medical evaluations should an injury involving bloodborne pathogens occur.
These are practices that reduce the possibility of exposure by changing the way a task is performed, such as appropriate practices for handling and disposing of contaminated sharps, handling specimens, handling laundry, and cleaning contaminated surfaces and items. Which term best describes these practices?
work practice control
Employers are required to implement the use of what when working with all human blood and other potentially infectious material regardless of whether it is known to be infectious for bloodborne pathogens?
universal precautions
The Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act revised the bloodborne pathogens standard requiring employers to evaluate, select, and use what to eliminate or minimize exposure to contaminated sharps?
engineering controls
Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted from one person to another when __________ ____ or bodily fluids get into someones bloodstream, which can occur different ways.
infectious blood
Infected blood or bodily fluids can directly enter a persons body through an accidental puncture by a sharp object contaminated with a pathogen.
Sharps include objects, such as needles, scalpels, broken glass, and razor blades.
Skin abrasion: Infection can occur when open cuts or skin abrasions come in contact with contaminated blood or bodily fluids.Mucous Membranes:Infected blood or bodily fluids can enter through contact with the mucous membrane found in the eyes, nose, or mouth.
Sexual contact: Hepatitis B, HIV, and other diseases can be transmitted through sexual activities, even if the infected person does not show any symptoms.
What are the routes of transmission for Hepatitis B?
skin abrasion, injection, mucous membranes, and sexual contact, in human blood and other potentially infectious materials such as semen, vaginal secretions, and saliva in dental procedures.
How are bloodborne pathogens not transmitted?
Touching an infected person
Coughing or sneezing
Using the same equipment, materials, toilets, water fountains, or showers as an infected person
sweat, tears, urine, or feces.
What are the routes of entry for hepatitis b?
blood and other infectious materials touch the eyes, nose, or mouth. exposure can occur if contaminated blood or other potentially infectious materials come in contact with dermatitis, open sores, or nicks and cuts on the skin.
Bloodborne pathogens pose very real ____-______ dangers.
life-threatening
For healthcare workers, the most common risk of exposure is by ____ stick injury.
needle
Exposures to bloodborne pathogens can occur via infection from:
injections, skin abrasions, mucous membranes, and sexual contact.
Hepatitis b is transmitted through potentially infectious materials, including:
human blood.
Accidental puncture by a sharp object contaminated with a pathogen.
injection
Found in the eyes, nose, or mouth.mucous membranes
What are the 3 most common pathogens that workers are at risk for?
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B virus, and Hepatitis C virus.
How can you be exposed to bloodborne diseases?
via a skin injury in which you are injured by a sharp object.
Second, via contact with mucous membranes or non-intact skin with blood, tissue, or other potentially infectious bodily fluids.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Once a person becomes immunocompromised, he or she can exhibit symptoms of weight loss, persistent low-grade fever, night sweats, and flu-like symptoms. The person is also more vulnerable to pneumonias, intestinal disorders, and fungal infections.
Hepatitis B Virus: Symptoms of Hepatitis B include jaundice, fever, nausea, and abdominal pain. Approximately 5 to 10 percent of patients develop chronic infection with Hepatitis B, which carries an estimated 20 percent lifetime risk of dying from cirrhosis and 6 percent risk of dying from liver cancer. The chance of becoming infected with Hepatitis B from a sharps injury is estimated to be between 6 and 30 percent.
What does the CDC recommend to all workers for the Hepatitis B Virus?
all healthcare workers, emergency personnel, and other individuals who are exposed to blood or bodily fluids on the job, should be vaccinated against Hepatitis B. The vaccine is safe and effective and can protect you for a lifetime.
How many doses the Hepatitis B vaccination have?
3 doses over a 6-month period (0, 1, and 6 months). .
It is recommended that healthcare workers have their Hepatitis B surface antibody level tested 4-6 weeks after completion of the series, to make sure that they have built up protection against Hepatitis B.
Hepatitis C Virus: Hepatitis C infection can occur without symptoms or only mild ones. Chronic hepatitis develops in 75 to 80 percent of infected patients, and 70 percent of these individuals get active liver disease. Of those with active liver disease, 10 to 20 percent develop cirrhosis and 1 to 5 percent develop liver cancer.
Who has an increased occupational risk for Hepatitis C Virus?
healthcare workers
According to CDC, the average risk of infection after a needlestick or cut exposure to infected blood is approximately ____ for Hepatitis C.
1.8%.
Research conducted by the CDC shows that in hospitals, __% or 4 out of every 5 of sharps injuries are due to the use of hypodermic needles or syringes, suture needles, winged-steel or butterfly-type needles, blood collection needles, scalpels, and IV catheter stylets.
80
Careful handling of contaminated sharps can prevent injury and ______ the risk of infection.
reduce
Studies show that in addition to the actual use of sharps devices which is the leading cause of sharps injuries, injuries are also closely associated with certain work practices that can pose an increased risk of bloodborne pathogen exposure. These work practices include:
During Use which accounts for 41% of injuries
Disposal-related activities which account for 15% of injuries and,
Activities after use and prior to disposal, such as item disassembly which account for 40% of injuries
What is OSHAs bloodborne standard?
needleless or have built-in protection to guard workers against contact with the contaminated sharp. In addition, employers must ask patient care workers who could be exposed to contaminated sharps injuries for their input in identifying, evaluating and selecting effective work practice and engineering controls, including safer medical devices.
Although recent studies show an association between sharps injuries and Hepatitis C infection, the number of healthcare workers who have acquired Hepatitis C occupationally is unknown. However, of the total acute Hepatitis C infections that have occurred annually (ranging from 100,000 in 1991 to 36,000 in 1996), 2 percent to 4 percent have been healthcare workers exposed to blood in the workplace.
Healthcare providers caring for Ebola patients are at a ___ risk of getting sick because they may come in contact with infected blood or bodily fluids.
high
How can Ebola spread?through direct contact with objects like clothes, bedding, needles, syringes, sharps, or medical equipment that have been contaminated with infected bodily fluids.The most common bloodborne pathogens are HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C. Exposures to these diseases can occur viaa skin injury, contact with mucous membranes, non-intact skin with blood, tissue, or other bodily fluids.
This disease causes serious damage to the liver and can be fatal. Infection can occur without symptoms or only mild ones. Chronic disease develops in 75 to 80 percent of infected patients, and 70 percent of these individuals get active liver disease. Of those with active liver disease, 10 to 20 percent develop cirrhosis and 1 to 5 percent develop liver cancer.
hepatitis c
Reducing Infection Exposure Risks for PPE: Use appropriate PPE when you may be exposed to blood.
Reducing Infection Exposure Risks for Sharps: Handle needles with care. Only properly trained individuals should draw blood or administer injections to prevent excess blood loss and resulting exposure.
Reducing Infection Exposure Risks for Disposal: Dispose of all protective equipment in a biohazard bag.
Reducing Infection Exposure Risks for Sanitation: Wash and sanitize hands frequently and keep hands away from eyes, nose, and mouth until they are washed and sanitized.
Reducing Infection Exposure Risks for Avoidance: Avoid eating, drinking, smoking, or applying cosmetics or contact lenses in an area with a likely source of a bloodborne pathogen.